Ingliz tilida bog’lovchilar Conjunctions

Conjunctions (Bog’lovchilar) I qism

1️⃣ and – va, bilan, hamda degan ma’nolarda teng munosabatdagi uyushiq boʻlaklar va gaplarni bir-biriga bog’laydi.
🔸He bought a few books and notebooks.
🔸He came and I had to leave home.
⚠️Birikmalar: and so on – va hakozo (etc.)

2️⃣ but – lekin, ammo, biroq bir-biriga qarama-qarshi boʻlgan gaplarni va birikmalarni bog’laydi.
🔸We have a blackboard but we can’t write on it.

⚠️Birikmalar:
▪️nothing but… yoki anything but… -dan tashqari degan ma’noda ishlatiladi.
🔸Fozil drinks nothing but Coca-Cola. (Fozil Koka-Koladan tashqari hech narsa ichmaydi)
▪️but for + noun – agar … boʻlmaganda degan ma’noda shartli gap sifatida ishlatiladi.
🔸But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished my work.

3️⃣ not only … but (also) – nafaqat … balki degan ma’noda qoʻsh bog’lovchi hisoblanadi.
🔸We learn not only English but (also) Chinese. (Biz nafaqat ingliz, balki xitoy tilini ham oʻrganamiz.)

4️⃣ so – shuning uchun degan ma’noda sababni bildirib beladi.
🔸It’s very hot so let’s open the window.

5️⃣ so as to/in order to+ infinitive – maqsadni bildiruvchi qurilma hisoblanadi.
🔸I got up early so as to catch my train.
🔸I got up early so as not to be late.

6️⃣ so that/in order that – shi uchun, -sin deb degan ma’nolarda maqsad bog’lovchisi hisoblanadi, oʻzidan keyin gap talab qiladi.
🔸The Englishman spoke slowly so that I could understand him.

7️⃣because – chunki degan ma’noda sabab bog’lovchisi hisoblanadi, oʻzidan keyin gap talab qiladi.
🔸It’s very hot because the sun is shining brightly outside.

⚠️ Birikmalar: because of/on the account of/due to sababli, tufayli degan ma’noda koʻmakchili birikmalar hisoblanadi va oʻzidan keyin ot, otli birikma, gerundiy yoki olmosh talab qiladilar.
🔸There was a lot of traffic in the streets because of the holiday season.
🔸He doesn’t drink alcohol on account of his health.
🔸A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.

⚠️because of koʻmakchisining sinonimlari sifatida as a result of, owing to birikmalarini keltirib oʻtish mumkin.
🔸The plane was late owing to bad weather.

8️⃣ although/even though/though – -ga qaramasdan, garchi degan ma’nolarda toʻsiqsiz bog’lovchi hisoblandilar va oʻzlaridan keyin har doim gap talab qiladilar.
🔸Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday immensely.

⚠️ -ga qaramasdan degan ma’nodagi in spite of/despite soʻzlari toʻsiqsiz koʻmakchilar hisoblanadi. Bu koʻmakchilar oʻzidan keyin ot, otli birikma, gerundiy yoki olmosh talab qiladi.
🔸In spite of the frequent rain, we enjoyed our holiday immensely.
⚠️ in spite of/despite the fact that birikmasidan keyin gap qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Despite the fact that we played better, the rival team won the game.

Conjunctions (Bog’lovchilar) II qism

1️⃣ in case – har ehtimolga qarshi, ehtiyot shart, hisobga olib degan ma’nolarda qoʻllanuvchi bog’lovchi hisoblanadi.
🔸I’ll give you my address in case you need my help in the future. (Men sizga uy manzilimni beraman har ehtimolga qarshi sizga mening yordamim kerak bo’lib qolsa)

⚠️in case bog’lovchisini in case of, in the event of – sodir bo’lganda, holatida koʻmakchili birikmalaridan farqlay bilish lozim.
🔸In case of emergency, press red button. (Favqulodda holatda qizil tugmani bosing)
🔸In the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for firefighting

2️⃣ yet bog’lovchisi oʻzidan oldingi fikrga zid fikr bildirish uchun qoʻllaniladi. Oʻzbek tiliga lekin, shunga qaramay, vaholanki, binobarin deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔸The test was difficult yet we passed it.

3️⃣ for – chunki degan ma’noda bog’lovchi sifatida qoʻllanila oladi. Bu holat koʻpincha rasmiy va badiiy uslubda uchraydi.
🔸I believed him, for I knew that he was an honest man. (Men unga ishondim, chunki men uni halol inson deb bilardim)
🔸He walked quickly, for he was in a great hurry.

4️⃣ O’z navbatida tufayli, sababli degan ma’noda since soʻzi ham bog’lovchi sifatida qoʻllana oladi.
🔸 Since it was getting dark, we decided to stop. (Qorong’u tushayotganligi tufayli, biz to’xtashga qaror qildik)

5️⃣ lest – -masligi uchun degan ma’noda maqsad bog’lovchisi hisoblanadi.
🔸Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truth. (Mening gaplarimga kimdir shubha bildirmasligi uchun men uning haqiqat ekanligini isbotlovchi hujjatlarni olib keldim)

6️⃣ however bog’lovchisi oldingi fikrga zid fikr bildirish uchun lekin, biroq degan ma’noda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors.
🔸Your test results are very high. However, your written work is very bad.

⚠️however bog’lovchisi oʻzidan keyin sifat yoki ravish bilan qoʻllanilganda qanchalik degan ma’noda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸She has the windows open, however cold it is outside.
🔸However carefully I explained, she still didn’t understand. (Qanchalik ehtiyotkorona tushuntirsam ham u baribir tushunmadi)

7️⃣ provided that/providing that/on condition that bog’lovchilari agar/ sharti bilan/-gan holdagina degan ma’nolarda shart bog’lovchisi sifatida qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Providing that she studies hard, she will pass the exam.

8️⃣ as long as/so long as bog’lovchilari toki/-gan holdagina ma’nolarida shart bog’lovchisi sifatida qoʻllaniladi.
🔸You can take my car as long as you drive carefully.

9️⃣ supposing that agar/mabodo/boringki degan ma’nolarda bog’lovchi sifatida qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then?

🔟 unless – agar -masa degan ma’noda shart ergash gaplarni bog’lashda ishlatiladi.
🔸Unless she studies hard, she will fail the exam.

Manba