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Sifat darajalari ingliz tilida 3 guruhga bo’linadi:
1. Oddiy-Positive
brave-botir,
new-yangi,
happy-baxtli.
2. Qiyosiy- Comparative
Ikki pradmet bir-biriga qiyoslanganda yoki solishtirilganda ishlatiladi. Sifatga ~er qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi va sifatdan keyin than (~dan ko’ra, qaraganda) so’zi ishlatiladi.
braver-botirroq,
happier-baxtliroq,
bigger-kattaroq.
3. Orttirma-Superlative
Bir nechta predmetlar orasidan eng yuqori sifat darajasiga ega bo’lgani tanlanganda ishlatiladi. Sifatga ~est qo’shimchasi qo’shish yordamida yasaladi.
Sifatdan oldin the artikli qo’yiladi.
bravest-eng botir,
happiest-eng baxtli,
biggest-eng katta.
Sifatlar 3 usulda yasaladi:
1 Sintetik usul: Bu usul sifatlarga ~er yoki ~est qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi.
Ayrim bir bo’g’inli so’zlarning oxirgi harfi ikkilanadi: big-bigger-biggest.
new-newer-newest
hot-hotter-hottest
big-bigger-biggest
large-larger-largest
easy-easier-easiest
clever-cleverer-cleverest
broad – broader – broadest
dark – darker – darkest
bright – brighter – brightest
fresh – fresher – freshest
hard – harder – hardest
heavy – heavier – heaviest
late – later – latest
light – lighter – lightest
long – longer – longest
lovely – lovelier – loveliest
quick – quicker – quickest
rich – richer – richest
sad – sadder – saddest
simple – simpler – simplest
small – smaller – smallest
smart – smarter – smartest
O‘qituvchilar haqida maqtovlar va maqollar
soft – softer – softest
sweet – sweeter – sweetest
thin – thinner – thinnest
old – older – oldest
2 Anatomik usul: Ikki va undan ko’p bo’g’inli so’zlarda sifat o’zgarmaydi faqat qiyosiy daraja uchun more, orttirma daraja uchun most so’zi sifatdan oldin qo’yiladi. Orttirma darajadagi sifatlar oldidan the artikli qo’yiladi.
perfect – more perfect – most perfect
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
comfortable-more comfortable-most comfortable
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
effective-more effective-most effective
dangerous-more dangerous-most dangerous
optimistic-more optimistic-most optimistic
colourful-more colourful-most colourful
intelligent-more intelligent-most intelligent
3 Supletiv usul: Bu sifatlar asosiy qoidalarga binoan emas balki umuman farqli ravishda yasaladi.
bad – worse – worst
good – better – best
far – farther – farthest
late – latter – last
little – less – least
much – more – most
some – more – most
many – more – most
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